Another interesting speculation of my cousin Howard Frisinger in 1969 was that Ludwig could have been a "redemptioner", a person who financed his trip by being and indentured servant.  The reason for this theory was that Ludwig came over in 1754 but the first record that my cousin could find in his 1969 research of Ludwig other than ships passage type information was in 1755 when he settled in Windsor Township in York County.  In the intervening 6 years he could have been working off his indenture. According to a Wikipedia article on indentured servants in Pennsylvania, indentured servitude was more important in Pennsylvania than any other colony. It also said the length of servitude was set at 5 years by law.  Also by the mid to late 1700's, the majority of indentured servants consisted northern Irish and German/Palatinate immigrants.  According to another Wikipedia article on indentured servants in  general, the length of servitude was typically around 3 years.  About half to 2/3 of the imagines from 1630s to the American revolution were indentured servants although they were most common in Virginia and New Jersey.  I have not explored these contradictions yet.

Another possible explanation for the missing years was interference with something due to the French and Indian War, 1754 to 1763.  This part of Pennsylvania was mostly spared in the war so this is not a strong argument unless he served in the armed services.   As of 11/7/17 I have not done any checking on this information but I mention it here as a clue to others. If you know something about this, please let me know.  bill@frisinger.net.

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